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Yearly mammography in women with a medium familial risk of breast cancer is likely to be effective in prevention of deaths from breast cancer.
The Lancet Oncology - Lun, 6 Dicembre 2010
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc
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HPV DNA testing is highly sensitive and moderately specific for CIN grade 3 or worse, with consistent results across study sites and age groups—including women younger than 35 years. A rise in the cutoff point might be beneficial for future screening programmes in China, especially when screening women younger than 35 years.
The Lancet Oncology - Lun, 6 Dicembre 2010
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc
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Over the past decade an unprecedented number of new drugs for lymphomas have been developed. Most of these new drugs target molecules or pathways that are important for the growth and proliferation of lymphomas. The introduction of the B-lymphoma specific monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody, rituximab, has improved the prognosis of patients with B-cell lymphomas more than any other drug in the past 50 years; today less than half of the patients with aggressive B-cell lymphomas die of their disease than in the pre-rituximab era.
The Lancet Oncology - Mar, 9 Novembre 2010
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc
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Introduction of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib and the immunomodulatory drugs thalidomide and lenalidomide has substantially improved outcomes for patients with multiple myeloma. As a result, these drugs have become cornerstones of current antimyeloma treatment regimens. However, after several years of clinical experience it has become apparent that peripheral neuropathy is the most common and potentially disabling non-haematological side-effect associated with thalidomide and bortezomib. Maximising treatment benefit while preserving quality of life therefore requires a careful balance between achieving optimum activity and minimising toxicity, including neuropathy, to further enhance efficacy.
The Lancet Oncology - Mar, 9 Novembre 2010
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc
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Federal District Chief Judge Royce Lamberth threw federal support for US human embryonic stem-cell (hESC) research into doubt on Aug 23, 2010, issuing an injunction halting such funding until he made a final ruling on a lawsuit against it.
The Lancet Oncology - Mar, 5 Ottobre 2010
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc
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Although 80% of children treated for cancer survive, many have special medical needs for decades afterwards, according to new Australian data. As they become adults, childhood cancer survivors face an almost a five-times greater risk of a second cancer compared with the general population and are 7·5 times more likely to die prematurely; similar results have been recorded in studies done in the USA and Europe.
The Lancet Oncology - Mar, 5 Ottobre 2010
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc
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On July 26, 2010, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), the clinical effectiveness agency for England and Wales, issued a new guideline for management of patients with cancer of unknown primary (CUP). Stating that patients with CUP “are disadvantaged in many ways”, the guideline identifies numerous problems that plague diagnosis and treatment of this type of cancer, such as lack of agreed-upon clinical definitions and referral guidelines, uncertainty over the use of diagnostic tests and optimum treatment, insufficient specialist oncology expertise, and inadequate patient education and support. In an effort to remedy these deficiencies, the guideline offers specific diagnostic and referral pathways for clinicians treating people with CUP.
The Lancet Oncology - Gio, 23 Settembre 2010
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc
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Male hypogonadism is commonly diagnosed on the basis of subphysiological concentrations of androgen hormones, and is associated with many symptoms present in advanced cancer. Androgen deficiency might be an important cause of muscle wasting in both cancer cachexia and sarcopenia. We did a systematic review of the clinical association of male hypogonadism in advanced cancer. We searched PubMed, Medline, and Embase for publications on the relation between male hypogonadism and functional status, nutritional status, body composition, symptoms, and quality of life in patients with advanced cancer. Of 381 publications identified, six original articles were included. We found no definitive association between nutritional, functional, or quality-of-life characteristics and male hypogonadism. Possible associations between male hypogonadism and weight loss, low albumin, low-body cell mass index, low-peripheral fat and muscle mass, higher inflammation, higher pain, higher opioid consumption, worse scores for anxiety, depression, and emotional and functional well-being need to be confirmed by better designed studies. There is no clear epidemiological data to indicate whether male hypogonadism is independently associated with clinical and biological sequelae of cancer cachexia, such as higher inflammation, fatigue, and body wasting. Standardised kits sensitive to low concentrations of free-testosterone or bioavailable testosterone are needed to diagnose androgen deficiency in women. A clearer epidemiology of androgen deficiencies in advanced cancer will help determine which patients should receive testosterone-replacement therapy for alleviating cancer cachexia symptoms and improving quality of life.
The Lancet Oncology - Lun, 5 Luglio 2010
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc
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Like many unexpected but welcome discoveries in the history of medicine, basic science may not always blaze a trail but it can put up sign posts to point the way. Such was the case when a study examining the genetic underpinnings of one skin disease, vitiligo, yielded insights about another, melanoma. The findings, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, suggest that vitiligo and melanoma might be opposite sides of the same coin, genetically speaking.
The Lancet Oncology - Mar, 22 Giugno 2010
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc
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Lung cancer in individuals who have never smoked tobacco products is an increasing medical and public-health issue.
The Lancet Oncology - Lun, 26 Aprile 2010
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc