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Among sexually active adolescents, most initiated vaginal sex after or within the same 6-month period of oral sex initiation. Adolescents who initiated oral sex at the end of ninth grade had a 50% chance of initiating vaginal sex by the end of 11th grade. In comparison, adolescents who delayed until the end of 11th grade had a 16% chance of initiating vaginal sex by the end of 11th grade.
Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine - Tue, 9 November 2010
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Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a disabling disorder that poses a significant personal and economic burden for patients, their families, and the community. It is increasingly recognized that CFS is prevalent in children and adolescents. In the young, the disability associated with CFS can be exacerbated by the effect of the illness on emotional and social aspects of development including social learning, autonomy, a sense of self, a healthy body image, relationships, sexuality, and academic development.
Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine - Thu, 23 September 2010
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Because scientists who evaluate the association or causal relationship of chronic hunger with child well-being are not able to reliably measure this sensation over time, the measure of food security/insecurity has become the criterion standard in such research.
Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine - Tue, 31 August 2010
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Although the Belmont Report significantly advanced the course of human subjects in research, it was not until 1983 that the guidelines "Additional Protections for Children Involved as Subjects in Research" were added. As a result, a major, albeit belated, imperative to actively recruit children for clinical research studies developed. With this imperative, however, came the added responsibility for institutional review boards (IRBs) to balance the risks and benefits of a study in such a way as to respect the right of children to participate in meaningful research while also ensuring the children's safety and welfare.
Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine - Wed, 16 June 2010
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The angst that reverberates in the character of Gil Buckman is not unfamiliar to many parents. Children enter this world sentient, to be sure, but otherwise, at least in parents' minds, entirely undifferentiated, with seemingly limitless potential. When we chose the time from birth to 5 years of age as a critical period of development for our theme issue, we did so hoping to attract articles that advanced the science of early life experience—articles that provided key, actionable evidence of how we can manipulate the early environment of children and make a tangible difference in their health. We clearly succeeded.
Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine - Tue, 18 May 2010
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Since the thalidomide era, there are concerns regarding potential adverse effects of drug and chemical exposure on the developing fetus in pregnancy, causing physicians and expectant mothers high levels of anxiety toward drugs, even in life-threatening conditions.
Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine - Tue, 18 May 2010
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We read with great interest the article by Lund et al1 on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) exposure in utero and pregnancy outcomes. This study, and several previous ones, demonstrated the effects of SSRI use during pregnancy on duration, birth weight, neonatal adaptation, and respiratory effects. Lund et al identified an elevated risk for low Apgar scores and neonatal intensive care unit admissions among SSRI-exposed neonates, which were not explained by the underlying psychiatric condition.
Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine - Wed, 7 April 2010
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Atherosclerosis begins in youth, and the extent of coronary lesions in adolescents is associated with individual and combined levels of risk factors including lipids, smoking, blood pressure, obesity, and—the focus of this editorial—hyperglycemia.1-2 These risk factors tend to track from childhood to adulthood; children with elevated risk factor levels tend to retain them as they grow, thus becoming adults at higher risk of cardiovascular disease.
Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine - Fri, 5 February 2010
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In the current debate over health care reform, the question of the cost vs benefit of investing in prevention has become a hot topic. In a recent letter to Congressman Nathan Deal, the Congressional Budget Office concluded that for preventive medical care, including services such as cancer screening and cholesterol management, expanded use will lead to higher, not lower, medical spending overall.1 This is largely because many individuals must be screened, at relatively high cost per individual, to identify those individuals with early symptoms of the diseases subsequently prevented through early intervention. However, this conclusion is based on a very narrow definition of what constitutes preventive services; it includes only what prevention scientists have called "indicated prevention."2 Indicated prevention refers to preventive interventions provided to those with early symptoms of disease or disorder.
Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine - Mon, 1 February 2010
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Male babies are born with skin covering the end of the penis, called the foreskin. Circumcision is a procedure in which the foreskin is removed, exposing the tip of the penis. Circumcision is often performed on healthy babies within the first few days after birth.
Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine - Fri, 15 January 2010
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